I’m not sure what to make of this, other than that it’s a worm that somehow feeds on or otherwise inconveniences tigers and monkeys. So I suppose it’s a tropical or subtropical worm.
I found the image on Wikimedia Commons, but it originally came from the Wellcome Trust, who I would imagine commissioned it as a stand-alone illustration. At least, it doesn’t appear in their collection as part of a larger work … but it does seem to be part of a group of similar paintings of parasitic worms, all presented framed by their place of origin and whatever critters they live inside.