I found the image in the San Diego Air & Space Museum’s “Aerophilately Special Collection” on Flickr; this is actually a detail from the full image, which includes both a cancelled stamp (this seems to have been a post card, or a mockup of one) and a block of text about Tsiolkovsky’s role as the father of astronautics and rocket dynamics, despite being self-taught and mostly deaf.
The collection mostly consists of “The Pioneers of Flight: The Official Collection of the International Aerospace Hall of Fame.” This particular card was issued in 1989 (the postmark is actually labeled “October 27, 1989”). Others in the collection include the usual suspects (The Wright Brothers, John Glenn, Leroy R. Grumman) but also some less-known pioneers like astronaut William A. Anders, who orbited the moon, and Sir Frank Whittle, the pilot and flight instructor who patented the turbojet engine.