Science Art: Saturn V-Shuttle-Ares IV comparison, by Bchan.

Scientific illustration comparing the sizes of rockets: tall Saturn V, shorter Shuttle, taller Orion Ares IV.
Scientific illustration comparing the sizes of rockets: tall Saturn V, shorter Shuttle, taller Orion Ares IV.

Some rockets are bigger than others.

I think this illustration (which I found here, on Wikimedia Commons) is maybe a better depiction of how space science itself has changed trajectory lately. The image was compiled by a Wikipedia user in 2007, who put the mighty Saturn V of the 1960s space race to scale next to the less glamorous (but more useful) Space Shuttle of the 1980s, next to what was supposed to be the next big thing. As it is, there’s a lot of wishful science fiction out there about the Ares IV replacing the Space Shuttle as our go-to launch vehicle, but the Constellation Program which was going to build and launch those Ares rockets with the Orion space capsules up top was cancelled in 2011 as too expensive.

Nowadays, a lot of the stuff (including the Orion hardware) has been taken over by the Artemis Program, which aims to put humans back on the Moon by 2026.

The Ares IV was really a kind of proposed hybrid vehicle, made up of a (crewed) upper stage of an Ares I passenger rocket with the brawny lower stages of an Ares V cargo-lifting rocket. The outer fuel tanks were a technology taken from the Shuttle program, but the rest of it was pretty similar to what was lifting astronauts off Earth in the 1960s. The “Ares IV” name mostly stuck around as the ill-fated mission that Matt Damon survives in The Martian.

Artemis will be using a heavy-lift rocket called the SLS – “Space Launch System” – to lift the Orion spacecraft off our planet. It’s not the Ares, but it’s not too different, really. If you squint.